Bulk Material

Any granular, powdery, or fragmented solid commodity handled and transported in large quantities without individual packaging, including ore, concentrate, tailings, waste rock, and processed mineral products. Bulk materials require specialised handling, storage, and transportation equipment designed for the specific physical properties of the material, including particle size, moisture content, abrasiveness, flowability, and tendency to generate dust. In mining, virtually all production commodities are bulk materials managed through integrated handling and logistics systems.