Beneficiation

The processing of mined ore to increase the concentration of valuable minerals and remove gangue or impurities, improving the grade and suitability of material for further processing or sale. Beneficiation encompasses physical, chemical, and physico-chemical separation techniques including crushing, screening, washing, gravity separation, flotation, magnetic separation, and leaching. In bauxite mining, beneficiation removes reactive silica; in iron ore mining, it upgrades Fe content; in gold and diamond mining, it concentrates the target mineral for further treatment.